In mereology, an area of philosophical logic, the term gunk applies to any whole whose parts all have further proper parts. That is, a gunky object is not made of indivisible atoms or simples. Because parthood is transitive, any part of gunk is itself gunk.

Parthood and composition are everywhere. The leg of a table is part of the table, the word Christmas is part of the sentence I wish you a merry Christmas, the 13th century is part of the Middle Ages. The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg compose Benelux, the body of a deer is composed of a huge number of cells, the Middle Ages are composed of

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Sep 22,  · A. J. Cotnoir and Achille C. Varzi. Explains and clarifies a variety of formal systems of mereology. Contributes to the development and systematization of new mereological

Mereology concerns part-whole relations, which is to say that mereological discussions focus on (1) the relation between the parts of a whole and the whole of which they're a part, and (2) the relations between the parts within a whole. But mereological discussions extend beyond mere articulation of mereological axioms.

Parthood and composition are everywhere. The leg of a table is part of the table, the word "Christmas" is part of the sentence "I wish you a merr

Incidentally, mereology is shown to interact in a surprising way with metaontology. Presenting a well-organized and comprehensive discussion of parthood and related notions, Mereology: A Philosophical Introduction contributes to a better understanding of a subject central to contemporary metaphysics.

Jun 01,  · The extensionality principle of mereology is a consequence of the axiom for the uniqueness of (mereological) composition and it states, roughly, that numerically distinct wholes cannot have exactly the same proper parts.

Mereology: A Philosophical Introduction addresses the multifaceted and lively philosophical debates surrounding these questions, and defends the idea that classical mereology is indeed the general and exhaustive theory of parthood and composition in the domain of concrete entities. Several examples of parthood and composition, involving

Jun 01,  · The extensionality principle of mereology is a consequence of the axiom for the uniqueness of (mereological) composition and it states, roughly, that numerically distinct

5. Concluding remarks. Medieval philosophers study a variety of wholes and parts, and they often do so with a remarkable degree of sophistication. To be sure, some aspects of medieval mereology are idiosyncratic, but many of the puzzles that medieval philosophers wrestle with are recognizably perennial.